Mineral Turpentine (LAWS)-145/205 deg. C
- By far the main outlet for this product is in the manufacture of surface coatings, I.e paints, varnished and lacquers. Surface coatings are used for the protection and/or decoration of surfaces and are usually applied as liquids, eventually hardening to give a solid film.
- Dry cleaning: The principle of dry cleaning is simple; most solid dirt is held in the garment by a thin film of grease. The function of cleaning solvent is to dissolve this grease. The dirt can then be removed fairly easily by mechanical means in machines, where the clothes are agitated whilst immersed in solvent. A Solvent recovery system is usually incorporated. Generally solvents with relatively higher flash points are used in order to minimize the fire hazard
- Other uses include :
- Solvent for textile printing with pigment colours
- Solvent for metal and machine degreasing
- Thinner for oil soluble rust preventive
- Solvent for insecticidal formulation
- Thinner for lithographic varnishes
- Diluent for many types of water proofing moth proofing, binding and sealing compounds
- Solvent for wax, rubber and resins in the manufacture of electrical insulating compounds
- Solvent in the preparation of bituminous paints
- Scouring agent for raw wool
Special Boiling Point Spirits (S.B.P.s) - SBP 55/115
S.B.P.s may be narrow or wide boiling fractions, generally within the range 350C and 1600C. They are fractionally distilled to specially selected distillation ranges and subsequently refined to enable a suitable grade to be chosen for any particular industrial purpose.
The main use of SBP Spirit 55/115 is in the rubber industry particularly in tyre manufacture, where successive layers of rubber and rubberised fabric and build up. The brief application of SBP, between each layer results in thickening of the surfaces and satisfactory adhesion until the layers are eventually welded together by vulcanisation. The time of contact should not be too long, and solvency not too high, and hence volatile, low aromatic SBPs, such as SBP 55/115 are used. Rapid solvent evaporation is also necessary to avoid slowing down the rate of work.It is also used for preparation of certain rubber mixes, cements and adhesives.
It is also used in following applications:
- As a thinner for varnish, paint and printing inks formulations where quick drying is possible.
- As a diluents for lacquer, enamels, high grade leather dopes, and as a solvent for processing polishing, cleaning and water proofing compounds.
- As a fuel in gas generation plants.
- As a solvent for dry-cleaning where quick drying time and reduced odour are desired.
| Sr. No. |
Characteristics |
Requirements |
Methods of Test IS:1448 |
| 1. |
Colour (Saybolt) min. |
+25 |
P:14 |
| 2. |
Density @ 15 0 C.g/ml |
To be reported |
P:16 |
| 3. |
Distillation range : P:18 |
|
|
|
a. |
Initial Boiling Point, 0 C min. |
50 |
|
|
b. |
50%V recovered at, in 0 C |
To be reported |
|
|
c. |
95%V recovered at, in 0 C |
To be reported |
|
| ; |
d. |
Dry Point, 0 C max. |
120 |
|
| 4. |
Aromatic content % V max. |
35 |
P:23 or 48 |
| 5. |
Copper Strip corrosion for 3
hrs. at 50 0 C. |
Not worse than No.1 |
P:15 |
| 6. |
Residue on evaporation, mg/100 5 ml, max. |
5 |
P:29(Air jet, Solvent washed) |
|
* Pour Point varies between Summer and Winter. Conforms to BIS specification IS:1593-1982 |
Hexane
Hexane is a colourless solvent. This product is essentially designed for use as solvent in extraction of vegetable oils such as cotton seed, groundnut, mustard, rape seed, etc. and for extraction of essential oils from flowers.
It is also used:
- For the preparation of rubber adhesives and can sealing compounds.
- As a fuel in gas generation plants. Where a supply of gas is required but where town gas or liquefied petroleum gas is not available petroleum/air gas plants are often used. Hexane is used for these gas plants of aerogen type.
| Sr. No. |
Characteristics |
Requirements |
Methods of Test IS:1448 |
| 1. |
Distillation range : |
|
P.18(Method B) |
|
a. |
Initial Boiling Point, 0 C min. |
63 |
|
|
b. |
Dry Point, 0 C., max. |
70 |
|
|
c. |
Temperature range of final 10%, 0 C |
2 |
|
| 2. |
Composition |
|
|
|
a. |
Aromatics, %V, max. |
1.0 |
P:63 |
|
a. |
Saturates, %V, min. |
98.5 |
P:23 |
| 3. |
Density at 25 0 C., max. |
0.687 |
Appendix A of IS:3470-66 |
| 4. |
Colour (Saybolt), min. |
+30 |
P:14 |
| 5. |
Sulphur content ppm max. |
75 |
Appendix B of IS:3470-66 |
| 6. |
Copper strip corrosion, 3 hrs. @ 50 0 C., max. |
1 |
P:15(Method C) |
| 7. |
Doctor Test |
Negative |
P:19 |
| 8. |
Lead, g/l, max. |
0.0005 |
Appendix C of IS:3470-66 |
| 9. |
Phosphates, ppm., max. |
20 |
P:54 |
| 10. |
Chlorides (as cl), ppm., max. |
20 |
Appendix D of IS:3470-66 |
| 11. |
Bromine Number, max. |
1 |
P:44 |
| 12. |
Non-volatile residue, g/100ml. |
0.001 |
Appendix E of max. IS:3470-66 |
| 13. |
Reaction of non-volatile residue |
To pass the test. |
Appendix F of IS:3470-66 |
|
CONFORMS TO IS:3470-1966 SPECIFICATIONS FOR HEXANE, FOOD GRADE |
Benzene
High Speed Diesel (HSD)
Benzene is primarily used as a chemical raw material in the synthesis of styrene (polystyrene plastics and synthetic rubber), phenol (phenolic resins), cyclo hexane (nylon), aniline maleic anhydride (polyester resins), alkyl benzenes (detergents), chloro benzenes and other products used in the production of drugs, dyes, insecticides and plastics.
It confirms to IS:534-1974 Specifications:
| Sr. No. |
Test |
Method |
Specification |
| 1. |
Appearance |
Visual |
Clear liquid of sediment and haze when observed at 18.30 C to 25.60 C . |
| 2. |
Colour |
D-1209 |
Max. 20 on Pt-Co scale |
| 3. |
Relative density at :15.56/15.56 0 C gm/ml |
D-4052 |
0.8820 to 0.8860 |
| 4. |
Distillation range |
D-850 |
Not more than 1 0 C including the temp. of 80.1 0 C. |
| 5. |
Sulphur compounds |
D-853 |
Free of H2S and SO2 |
| 6. |
Solidification point, 0 C. |
D-852 |
Min. 5.2 (Being not lower than 4.85 0 C anhydrous basis) |
| 7. |
Acidity |
D-847 |
No free acid, i.e. no evidence of acidity |
| 8. |
Acid Wash Colour |
D-848 |
Not darker than No. 2 Colour Standard. |
| 9. |
Copper corrosion |
D-849 |
Passes 1A or 1B |
|
CONFORMS TO ASTM GRADE D835-90 OF NITRATION GRADE BENZENE |
|
In addition BPCL follows the following spec for better customer satisfaction. |
| 10. |
Non-Aromatics, ppm |
GLC |
Max. 300 |
| 11. |
Toluene, ppm |
GLC |
Max. 500 |
Toluene
Toluene is primarily used in manufacture of chemicals, drugs, explosives, food flavouring and sweetening agents, paints and resins.
It confirms to IS: 537-1967 Specifications.
| Sr. No. |
Test |
Method |
Specification |
| 1. |
Colour |
5 (IS : 82)1973 |
Not darker than freshly prepared solution of 0.8 ml. of 0.1N Potassium Dichromate and 12 ml. of 0.1N of Cobalt Sulphate made up to 1000 ml with water. |
| 2. |
Sp. Gravity |
6.3.3 of |
0.8700 to 0.8740 |
| 3. |
At 15/15 0 C gm/ml |
IS : 82 - 1973 |
0.8590 to 0.8630 |
| 4. |
Distillation range |
IS : 5298(1969) |
The difference between temperature (running pts) at which 1 and 96% of the volume taken have been collected shall not exceed 0.6 0 C when a treated sample is tested by standard method. This range shall include the temperature of 110.6 0 C. |
| 5. |
Residue on evaporation, mg/1000 ml |
9 of IS:82-1973 |
Max. 5 |
| 6. |
Total Sulphur % wt. |
Appendix C of IS:537-1967 |
Max. 0.1 |
| 7. |
Hydrogen Sulphide |
Appendix D of IS:537-1967 |
To pass test |
| 8. |
Mercaptan |
P:19 of IS:1448 |
Shall give no positive reaction. |
|
CONFORMS TO BIS SPECIFICATIONS OF IS:537-1967 NITRATION GRADE OF TOLUENE. |
|
In addition BPCL follows the following spec for better customer satisfaction. |
| 10. |
Acid Wash Colour |
D - 848 |
Not darker than No. 2 |
| |
|
|
Colour Standard. |
| 11. |
Distillation |
IS:5298-1969 |
Difference between IBP and DP shall be not more than 10 C |